Journal of Sexual Medicine (Guiting Lin MD PhD, Amanda B. Reed-Maldonado MD, Bohan Wang MD, Yung-chin Lee MD, Jun Zhou MD, Zhihua Lu MD, Guifang Wang MD, Lia Banie BS, Tom F. Lue MD) We previously reported that progenitor cells, or stem cells, exist within penile tissue. We hypothesized that acoustic wave stimulation by low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) would activate local stem or progenitor cells within the penis, producing regenerative effects.